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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY

LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY
Introduction: German economist GOSSEN was the first to explain this law .It is also called as Gossen's first law .
Definition : This law simply tells us that we obtain less and less utility from the successive units of a commodity as we consume more and more of it. 
Statement : Law of diminishing marginal utility states that as more and more units of commodity are consumed,the marginal utility derived from every additional units must decline. It is therefore called as Fundamental law of satisfaction or Fundamental psychological law .
Explanation : Every want needs to be satisfied upto a limit after which the intensity of want becomes zero .As we consume more and more units of commodity to satisfy our need ,the intensity of every commodity is less than that of the units obtained earlier.This can be understand better with the help of table.

Units of apples                                Total utility                      marginal units
           1                           30                       30
           2                           50                       20
           3                           65                       15
           4                           75                       10
           5                           80                        5
           6                           82                        2
           7                           82                        0
           8                           80                       -2
    [Note : table can be plotted on graph also]   
Now, suppose a man wants to consume apples and is hungry. In this situation , if he has given 1 Unit of apples the utility for that 1 unit of apples is equal to 30 utils . Now he is not as hungry as before but still if he consumes 2 unit of apple that apples gives him utility of 20 utils. Similarly as he consumes 3rd ,4th ,5th ,6th units of apples the utility from thase will only decline .Now ,if he has been given 7th units of apples his utility will become 0 because he has no use for it . The 8th apple will harm him if he has eaten beyond his capacity where the utility will become negative. 
Thus, it can be clearly believed now that additional utility of every successive apples to the consumer goes on DIMINISHING as he consumes more and more of it.

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