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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)

THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATIONS

Introduction : The Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations concluded on 5th April, 1994 at Marrakesh, Morocco. The WTO agreement is the Uruguay Round agreement infact whereby the original GATT is now part of WTO Agreement which came into force from January 1,1995.

Meaning : The WTO is the successor to the GATT. The WTO is properly established permanent world trade organisations. It has a legal status and enjoys privileges amd immunities on same footing as IMF and WORLD BANK. It includes the GATT as modified by Uruguay round and all agreement concluded under GATT and complete results of Uruguay Round. There were 77member countries of WTO on January 1,1995.Now, there are 160 members India is one of the founder members.

Objectives
a)It's relation in field of trade and economic endeavour shall be conducted with view of raising standard of living, enduring full employment and large and steadily growing volume of real income and trade in goods and services.
b)To allow for optimal use of world's resources in accordance with objectives of sustainable development seeking both to protect and preserve environment, and to enhance the means for doing so in manner consistent with respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development.
c) To make positive efforts designed to ensure that developing countries, especially least developed among them, secure a share in growth in international trade commensurate both needs of their economic development.
d)To achieve these objectives by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed towards substantial reduction of tarriff and other barriers to trade and elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade relations.
e)To develop an integrated, more results of past liberalisation efforts, and all results of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations.
f)To ensure linkages between trade policies, environmental policies and sustainable development.

Functions
a)It facilitates implementation, administration and operation of objectives of Agreement and of multilateral trade agreement.
b)It provides the framework for implementation administration and operation of plurilateral trade agreement relating to trade in civil aircraft government procurement.
c)It provides the forum for negotiation among its members concerning their multilateral trade relations in matters relating to agreements and framework for implementation of results of such negotiations, as decided by Ministerial conference.
d)It administers Understanding on Rules and Procedures hovering the settlement of disputes of agreement.
e)It cooperated with the IMF and WORLD BANK and it's affiliated agencies with a view to achieving greater coherence in global economic policy-making. 

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