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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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Balanced and unbalanced budget

BALANCED AND UNBALANCED BUDGET

Balanced budget
Balanced budget is that budget in which government receipts are equal to government expenditure.
Balanced budget : receipts=expenditure

Merits 
a)The government does not indulges in wasteful expenditure.
b)A balance budget ensures financial stability.
Demerits
a)It does not offer solution to problem of unemployment during depression.
b) It is not conducive to growth and development programme of less developed countries.


Unbalanced budget
An unbalanced budget is that budget in which government receipts and government expenditure are not unequal .
It is of two types :
a)Surplus budget
b)Deficit budget

Surplus budget : This is a budget of government whereby the receipts are greater than the expenditure.
Surplus budget : 
                       Receipts>expenditure

Merits 
a)It helps in correction of inflationary gap in the economy.
b)Revenue collected by the government reduces purchasing power within the people.
c)There is low level of government expenditure.
Demerits 
a)It is not desired during the period of depression.
b)If adopted during inflation ,it will cause unemployment and low level of output.

Deficit budget: This is a budget in which government receipts are lower than the expenditure.
Deficit budget:
                Receipts<expenditure

Merits 
a)Deficit budget is helpful during the period of depression.
b)It raises level of AD by high  expenditure and by inducing greater investment by people.
Demerits
a)It is not desired during the period of inflation.
b)It increases the gap between AS and AD.
c)It rises the wage price spiral .

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