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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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Budget deficit

BUDGET DEFICIT
Budget deficit refers to a situation when budget expenditure of the government are greater than the budget receipts.
The three types of budget deficit are:
a)Revenue deficit
b)Fiscal deficit 
c) Primary deficit

Revenue deficit means the excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts .
RD =RE-RR
Ways of lowering revenue deficit
a)Increase revenue receipts through tax and non tax receipts. Thus,rates of income tax may be raised.
b)Decrease Revenue  expenditure. It may be achieved through cut in subsidy. It may also be achieved through a cut in administrative expenses of the government.

Fiscal deficit 
Fiscal deficit is the excess of total expenditure (revenue+capital) over total receipts (revenue+capital other than borrowing) .
Fiscal deficit =Total expenditure-total receipts

Primary deficit
Primary deficit is the difference between fiscal deficit and interest payment.
PD =FD-IP
While fiscal deficit shows borrowing requirement of government inclusive of interest payment in accumulated national debt,primary deficit shows borrowing requirement of government exclusive of interest payment.

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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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