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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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Public finance

PUBLIC FINANCE
Introduction: Public finance is related to an Italian word 'fisc'  which means government Treasury. Public finance is a fiscal science which studies the operation of government treasure. It consists of two words public and finance where public stands for authorities and finance stand for monetary resources . Thus the combined meaning of public finance deals with the financial operations of public authorities.

Definition: Public finance deals with the process of raising public revenue and spending public funds. It deals with the income and expenditure of the public authorities with the manner that the one is adjusted with the other.Public finance in modern times is the study of all the economic activities related to economic objectives through the governmental control and administration.

Scope of Public finance
The scope of Public finance Includes:
a)Public Revenue : Public Revenue deals with the various methods of raising revenue . It includes the policy of taxation , problem of taxation , effects of taxation.
b)Public expenditure : Public exp deals with the principal, classification and effects of public expenditure.
c)Public debt : It includes methods and objectives of public borrowing , management , burden of debt.
d)Financial administration : It includes study of different aspects of budgets , physical controls through fiscal tools , to check recession , Depression.
e)Economic stabilization : It includes fiscal policy of government , instability of price , promotion of full employment,economic growth and welfare of the people.


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