Skip to main content

Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
Post a Comment

Tax-Classification

Tax-Classification

Direct and indirect tax
A direct tax is that whose burden is borne by the person on whom it is levied. He cannot transfer the burden of tax to some other person .
Example:Income tax
Indirect tax is that which is paid by one individual but the burden of which is borne by another individual. A person who pays the tax in first instance transfer it's burden to another person.
Example: excise duty on sugar is paid first by the producer and then transferred to consumers.

proportional, Progressive,Regressive and Depressive tax
Proportional tax :It is a system of tax that imposed a lower tax rate on low income earners compared to those with high income. It is based on the ability to pay of tax payers.

Progressive tax: A tax which increases with the increase in income is called progressive tax.The tax system of India is progressive in nature. 

Regressive tax : A tax which decreases as there is the rise in its income.In regressive taxation, the larger the income of tax payer, the smaller is the proportion that he contributes.  

Degressive tax :A tax which is progressive up to a certain limit and afterwards it converts to proportional tax system  is Degressive tax.

Specific and Ad valorem tax
Specific tax :When tax is imposed on commodity according to its weight , size or measurements , it is called specific tax. It is easy to levy and more convenient to collect .

Ad Valorem tax is based on assessed value of an item such as ream estate or personal property. It is also imposed as import duty on goods from abroad.

Single and Multiple tax
Single tax:A single tax means one kind of tax. It implies on one class of thing or one class of people. Such tax is collected regularly every month or year .
Multiple tax: Multiple tax system implies that there should be different types of taxes so that everybody may be called upon to contribute something towards state revenue .

Value added tax and particular tax
Value added tax: Value added tax is a tad on the value added to a good or service .VA added in difference between a firm's revenue and it's payment to other firms. Thus, VAT is determined on the value that business firm adds goods and services our based from other firms.
Particular tax:Taxes can be classroom the basis of their particular nature . 
Income tax , tax on production , tax on consumption,tax on capital goods,custom duties ,property tax are its example. 

Personal and impersonal tax
Personal tax:A personal tax is that which is imposed on people having particular attributes, that is having particular property .For example bus passengers are charges toll box.

Impersonal tax :The taxes which are imposed on things without considering whether a poor or rich man shall purchase them are known as impersonal tax. 
For example, a radio set having same licence fee whether poor or rich buys it.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

THE WORLD BANK

THE WORLD BANK Origin of the bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) or The World Bank was established in 1945 under the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 to assist in bringing about a smooth transition from a war time to peace time economy . Membership of the Fund The members of the International Monetary Fund are the members of IBRD. It had 180 members in 2015.If a country resigns its membership, it is required to pay back all the loans with interest on due dates. If the Bank incurs financial loss in the years in which member resigns, it is required to pay its share of loss on demand. Functions of the Bank a)To assist in the development of territories of its members by facilitating tthe investment of capital. b)To encourage the development of productive facilities and resources ib less development countries. c)To promote foreign investment by means of guarantees on participation in loans. d)To supplement private investment by providing finance for product...
Post a Comment
Read more

CONCEPT OF ECONOMICS

ECONOMY Economy refers to a system of a particular area that shows how people of the concerned area earn money. It shows the nature of all the economic activities in that area.  ECONOMICS Economics has been derived from Greek words i.e "Oekos" and "nomos" .The former means a house and the latter means to manage . By combining the both it means managing a houshold. It refers to the study of how society choose to enjoy scarce resources that have alternatives uses. In other words, it is a social science that focuses on management of scarce resources in such a manner that both individual and society can attain maximum benefit. ECONOMIC PROBLEM It is the problem of choice or problem of allocation of scarce resources to their best alternative uses.  It mainly arises out of the given two facts: a) Resources are scarce . b)Resources are unlimited and have alternative uses.  ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES These are those activities which are related to how one can make use of scarce re...
Post a Comment
Read more

COMPONENTS AND TYPES OF ECONOMICS

COMPONENTS OF ECONOMICS a) Consumption : The study of consumption and consumer behaviour relates to the study of consumer where he has to allocate his means (income) on the purchase of goods and services so that his satisfaction can be maximised. b) Production : The study of production or producer behaviour relates to the study of producer where he has to choose such combinations of diferent inputs within given price which are least expensive so that he is able to maximise his cost of production . Also , how he choose to produce those goods and services within given prices ,the production of which offers him maximum revenue, so that his profit can be maximised c) Distribution :The study of distribution relates to study of how income is distributed among those who are the agents of production. Here, the agents of production refers to the owners of factors of production. There are 4 factors of production : 1) Land   - The income is distributed to the owners of land(used in product...
Post a Comment
Read more