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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of physical and
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TAX

Tax
Meaning of tax : A tax is a compulsory payment by an individual,a family or a firm made to government for use in common interests of all without any claim for in return for contribution made . It has to be paid by the person on whom it is levied.It is considered as largest source of public revenue.It must be spent on general welfare  after it has been collected e.g municipal committee will spend on water, road , electricity and property taxes.

Objectives 
a) The most important objective of taxation is to increase government's income.As public expenditure rises,taxation is increased.
b) Taxes like income tax, property tax is to reduce the inequality of income between different sections of society.
c) In order to restrain people from consumption of intoxicants , heavy taxes are imposed to make them expensive.
d)Another objective of taxation is to promote exports and reduce imports so that burden of foreign exchange is kept to minimum.
e) Taxes are imposed in scarce resources like coal and petroleum,so that their export is discouraged by higher prices resulting from taxation.
f) Tax is imposed on particular area as a punishment for repeated loss of public property resulting from irresponsible behavior of citizens.

Features
a) Tax is a compulsory payment . Non payment to tax leads to punishment.
b) Tax involves some sacrifice to the tax payer.
c) Income collected through taxation is spent for public welfare.
d)The individual who pays tax cannot claim in equal amount of benefit in return.
e) Payment of tax is personal responsibility of an individual.
f) Tax imposition follows a legal procedure. It is levied in accordance with certain law.
g) It is contribution to revenue of government so that they can provide administrative services for governing the country.
h) It is levied according to legal procedure. Non tax payers are punished by the law.

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