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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of physical and
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MARSHALL'S AND ROBBINS' COMPARATIVE LOOK

COMPARATIVE LOOK OF MARSHALL'S AND ROBBINS' DEFINITION
Similarities between Marshall's and Robbins' definition
a) Wealth and scarce means: Marshall used the word "wealth" in his material welfare definition of economics. Lord Robbins has used the word " scarce resources" instead of wealth.The meaning of two is same because in economics wealth is only that good which is scarce.
b) Primary place to man: Both Marshall and Robbins gave primary place to man . Marshall studied wealth for human welfare. Robbins also studied human behaviour as relationship between scarce means and ends that have alternative uses.
c)Rational man : Marshall as well as Robbins assumed that only rational man forms the subject of study of economics . Marshall assumed that man aims at maximizing his welfare whereas Robbins believed that rational man tries to maximise his satisfaction.
Differences between Marshall's and Robbins' definition
a)Economic and Non-economic activity : According to Marshall economic activity are those which are concerned with material goods promoting material welfare and economics studies only these activities.
As against this, Robbins believes all those economic activities to be subject matter of economics wherever the problem of scarcity arises . For him ,differences between material and non -material welfare activities is of no use.
b)Social and human science : According to Marshall ,economics is a social science that studies normal social human beings.
 In robbins view economics is a human science concerned with the economic activities of all men.
c)Normative and positive science : Marshall's definition made economics as a normative science. He talked of human welfare and was committed to problem solving nature of economics. 
Robbins wanted economics to be positive science. He wanted an economists to be neutral towards ends .
d)Classificatory and analytical definition: Marshall's definition is classificatory in nature because it put economics as a subject as it is separated from social science and thus delimited the subject matter of economics.
Robbins gave an analytical definition which was centered on the basic economic problem of scarcity.
e) Practical and theoretical view : Marshall's definitions is nearer reality and more useful for economic policies. 
Robbins' definition is of abstract nature and therefore removed away from reality.
f)Applicable to different economies: Marshall's definition is relevant only for a monetary economy where individual choice is free and market oriented. 
Robbins' definition is relevant for all economies whether primitive or advanced .

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