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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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SHIFTS AND MOVEMENTS IN DEMAND CURVE

SHIFTS AND MOVEMENT

Shift in demand curve :It refers to all such situations when demand for commodity increase or decrease due to changes in other factors of demand ,other than own price of commodities. In such situations,quantity demanded of a commodity increases or decreases even when own price of commodity remains constant .

Increase in demand-It refers to situation when demand curve shifts to right is described as increase in demand.                          

Decrease in demand-It refers to situation when demand curve shifts to left is described as decrease in demand.

Forward shift or Increase in demand -Causes

a)When income of consumer increases.

 b)When price of substitute goods increases.

 c)When price of complementary goods falls.

 d)When taste of consumer shifts in favour of commodity due to change in fashion.

 e)When availability of commodity is expected to reduce in near future.

Backward shift or Decrease in demand-causes 

a)When income of consumer falls.

b)When price of substitute good decreases.

 c)When price of complementary good increases. 

d)When taste of consumer shifts aginst commodity die to change in fashion. 

e)When availability of commodity is expected to rise in near future.

Movement in demand curve -It refers to moving up or down the demand curve .

Extension of demand occurs when we move down the curve .It is situation when one buys more in response to decrease in own price .                                                Contraction of demand occurs when we move up the curve. It is situation when one buys less in response to increase in own price.

Difference between Extention and Increase in demand   

Extension of demand 

 1)This is causes only by change in own price of commodity.                                              

2)Decrease in own price of commodity is only cause .                                                                

3)This is shown as a downward movement (left to right) on same demand curve .

Increase in demand                                        

1)This is caused by change in factors,other than own price of commodity.                  

2)These include increase in income,increase in price of substitute goods and many other factors.                                                               

3)This is shown as forward shift in demand curve.

Difference between contraction and decrease in demand 

Contraction of demand.                                

 1)This is caused only by change in own price of commodity.                                          

2)Increase in own price of commodity is only cause.                                                                

 3)This is shown as an upward movement (Right to left) on same demand curve.

Decrease in demand                                       

1)This is caused by change in factors,other than own price of commodity.                  

2)These include decrease in income,decrease in price of substitute goods and many others.  

3)This is shown as backward shift in demand curve .
















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