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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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Fiscal Measures to correct inflationary and deflationary gap

Fiscal Measures to correct deflationary and inflationary gap

Fiscal measures
Fiscal policy of government refers to the revenue and expenditure policy of the government. It is also called as Budgetary policy of government. It helps in correcting the situation of excess demand and deficit demand in the economy.

Component of fiscal measures and the way how those are used in correcting inflationary and deflationary gap.
a) Government expenditure: The government of country incurs various types of expenditure like on public works such as dams ,roads,bridges ,on eduction and public welfare, on defence and maintaining the law and order.
It is by changing all types of government expenditure seeks to correct the situation of excess and deficit demand in the economy.
When there is excess demand ,govt expenditure is reduced and when there is deficit demand ,it should be increased.

b)Taxes : Taxes are compulsory payment made to government by household and producing sectors of the economy .
When there is deficit demand ,the tax burden on the household and producing sectors should be reduced .
When there is excess demand,the tax burden  should be increased on the household and producing sectors.

c)Public borrowing:By borrowing from the public , government creates public debt.
In the situation of deficit demand,the government reduces it's borrowing from the public so that people are left with greater liquidity or cash balance where aggregate expenditure remains high.
In the situation of excess demand ,the govt steps up its borrowing from public  by offering attractive interest rate which reduces liquidity with the people.Aggregate expenditure also reduces.

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