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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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Foreign exchange market

Foreign Exchange Market

Foreign exchange market refers to the market for national currencies of different countries in the world. It is described as the centre of Trade for different currencies. Buyers and sellers in foreign exchange market wish to buy or sell foreign exchange.

Functions
a)It implies transfer of purchase power in terms of foreign exchange across different countries of the world.
b)It implies provision of credit in terms of foreign exchange for the export and import of goods and services across different countries of the world.
c)It implies protection against risk relate to variations in the foreign exchange rate.

Operation
It operates either as spot market or as forward Market
a)Spot market :Spot market for foreign exchange is that market which handles only spot transaction or current transaction.It is also called as current market.
Characteristics
a)Spot market is of daily nature. It does not trade in future deliveries.
b)The rate of exchange which is determined in Spot market is called as spot rate of exchange. It is that rate which happens to prevail at the time when transaction are incurred.

Forward market
Forward market for foreign exchange is that market which handles such transactions of foreign exchange as are meant for future deliveries.
Characteristics
a)It only Care to forward transaction,it does not deal with spot transaction in foreign exchange.
b)It defines forward exchange rate was the rate at which forward transaction are to be honoured.

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