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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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ROLE OF CENTRAL BANK

Role Of Central Banks

a)Traditional Functions : The central banks in the developing countries perform Both traditional and non -traditional functions. The functions of central bank are having monopoly of note issue,acting as banker to government,serving as bankers bank and maintaining the external stability.

b) Economic growth : The central banks in developing countries should aim at promoting the process of economic growth.Economic growth requires sufficient financial resources. The central bank can ensure adequate monetary expand in country.

c)Internal stability : The central bank should also attempt to maintain internal price stability. The developing countries are susceptible to inflationary pressures mainly due to supply inelasticities in short period. The central bank should adopt such policies that can control inflationary tendencies and price stability. 

d) Development of banking system : The central bank should not only take measures to develop an integrated commercial banking system ,but also should not hesitate undertaking directly the commercial banking functions.

e)Branch expansion : In developing countries, the commercial banks generally concentrate their branches in urban areas. In order to extend credit facilities to agricultural sector,the central bank should prepare programme for branch expansion in rural area.

f) Financial institutions : Development of leading sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industry, foreign trade etc requires long -term finances . For this ,the specialised financial institutions should established which provide term loans to these sectors.

g)Banking habits : Through various credit control instruments ,the central bank excercise full control over the activities of commercial banks. This creates public confidence in banking system and helps in the development of banking habits of people .

h) Training facilities : A major difficulty in developing the banking system in developing countries is lack of trained staff . The central bank can provide training facilities to meet the personnel requirements of banks.

i)Proper interest rate structure : The central bank can help in establishing a suitable interest rate structure to influence the direction of investment in country. In underdeveloped countries, a policy of low interest rate is necessary for encouraging investment and promoting developing activities. The central bank can increase productive investment by adopting different interest rates.

j)Other promotional roles : The central bank can provide a number of other promotional facilities. 
a)It can adopt policies to provide help to various priority sectors such as agriculture,cooperative sector,small scale sector,export sport etc.
b)It can provide guidelines to be followed by planners about some definite patterns of economic and investment policies.
c)It can publish information regarding state of economy and promote research in money and banking.

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