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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of physical and
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Wheat crisis

WHEAT CRISES 
Introduction :
•On may 4,the government lowered its wheat production for the crop year ending june. 
•The production is expected to fall during warm weather condition on most part of wheat producing states of Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,  Uttar Pradesh. 
Decline in wheat production
•Wheat production has seen a drop during winter. In last marketing year, the government had purchased from farmers. 
•During the same time,  announcement came declaring 'unfolding war in Ukraine' which give rise ti acute food insecurity in countries .
•After 5 straight years of bumper output of wheat,  unprecedented heat waves  causes substantial loss to the crop . Early summer affects the crop yields in the wheat producing states .
Government procurement
•A larger quantity of wheat was being bought by the traders at higher rate than the minimum support price. 
•Private traders have been prompted to buy more wheat from farmers as the price of wheat at international level has shot up and is expected to rise due to Russia-Ukraine conflict. 
Domestic wheat price
•As government wheat procurement has dipped, concerns are being raised about the stability of prices in country and availability of grain for internal consumption. 
•The government  has dismissed concerns about the price, asserting that India is in comfortable situation with overall availability of grains expected to be higher for next year.
Domestic effects 
•On the other hand, if private traders continue to buy above the MSP,eventually it could stoke inflation. 
•Dr. MJ khan,  opines that more private buying of wheat will help India expand agri export basket to new countries, riding current crisis situation. 
•This trade relation will stay even when global crises is over. 
Export plans
•Besides exporting wheat to war conflict countries,Egypt and Turkey has also given approval for import of Indian wheat and also dealing with European Union countries. 
•Global wheat prices rose nearly 50% Since start of this year as supplies from Russia, Ukraine were hit hard. 
•Despite crop loss and revision of output estimates,  centre maintained that  no curbs would be placed on wheat exporters. 
Global supply situation
•In order to meet gap created by reduced Russian and Ukraine exports,  importers are turning to alternative markets,  while wheat producing countries like India are looking to increase its exports.
•According to United States Department of Agriculture,increased exports will not be enough to make up for nearly 30% of global exports hit by Ukraine crisis.
Government role in rising inflation
•Government has used trade policy (export/import restrictions ) to control domestic inflation and protect domestic inflation and protect producers but in long run,  it impacts overall supply chain. 
•The ban on exports has apparently been prompted by wheat procurement and resultant depletion in public stocks seen as threatening 'Food security'. 
Measure to resolve rising inflation
•If at all exports were to be discouraged in order to control inflation ,a better way would have been to impose tariff or  a minimum price below which shipments aren't permitted.

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