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Land utilisation

  LAND UTILIZATION  Land is a scarce resource, whose supply is fixed for all practical purposes. At the same time, the demand for land for various competing purposes is continuously increasing with the increase in human population and economic growth.Land use pattern at any given time is determined by several factors including size of human and livestock population, the demand pattern, the technology in use, the cultural traditions, the location and capability of land, institutional factors like ownership pattern and rights scale regulation. Major Types of Land Utilization in India : As in all other countries, land in India is put to various uses. The utilization of land depends upon physical factors like topography, soil and climate as well as upon human factors such as the density of population, duration of occupation of the area,land tenure and technical levels of the people.There are spatial and temporal difference in land utilization due to the continued interplay of phys...
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Effects of terms of trade

EFFECTS OF TERMS OF TRADE
a)It has the effect of continuously weakening the capacity to import of these countries.
b)In has led to the weakening of capacity of their existing primary producing industries to support their growing population.
c)It has resulted in failure to transmit to them the benefit of technological progress from advanced countries.
d)It has made every individual country's independent effort to raise productivity of its primary producing industry result in deterioration of their terms of trade.
e)It has lowered their rates of capital formation and thus their economic growth.
f)The primary producing countries have become handicapped in their efforts to develop their economies ,and have been made dependent upon loans and grants of advanced nations.

MEASURES TO OVERCOME TERMS OF TRADE
At national level
•The underdeveloped countries should industrialise their economies by adopting the policy of protection.
•To reduce their independence on developed countries by developing import substitution.

At international level
UNCTAD has suggested to evolve new international economic order with the following programmes :
•An integrated programme to stabilise and support the prices of group of primary products in terms of manufactures.
•Increased development aid.
•Expansion in less developed countries of various manufacturing activities now located in developed countries.
•Transfer of advanced technology from developed countries to less developed countries.

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